![]() ![]() Individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome can have tangles of abnormal blood vessels (hemangiomas) in various parts of the eye. ![]() In some affected infants, the pressure can become so great that the eyeballs appear enlarged and bulging (buphthalmos). In individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome, glaucoma typically develops either in infancy or early adulthood and can cause vision impairment. Some individuals have learning disabilities with problems focusing similar to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). People with Sturge-Weber syndrome have varying levels of cognitive function, from normal intelligence to intellectual disability. The seizures usually involve only one side of the brain (focal seizures), during which the port-wine birthmark may darken and individuals may lose consciousness. In affected individuals, these episodes usually begin by age 2. These episodes often involve temporary muscle weakness on one side of the body (hemiparesis), vision abnormalities, seizures, and migraine headaches. ![]() The decrease in blood flow caused by leptomeningeal angiomas can cause stroke-like episodes in people with Sturge-Weber syndrome. This abnormality, which is called leptomeningeal angioma, can affect one or both sides of the brain and impair blood flow in the brain and lead to loss of brain tissue (atrophy) and deposits of calcium (calcification) in the brain below the angioma. In Sturge-Weber syndrome, there is usually abnormal formation and growth of blood vessels within the two thin layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. Over time, the skin within the port-wine birthmark can darken and thicken. The port-wine birthmark is usually only on one side of the face but can be on both sides. In people with Sturge-Weber syndrome, the port-wine birthmark is most often on the face, typically on the forehead, temple, or eyelid. Port-wine birthmarks are typically initially flat and can vary in color from pale pink to deep purple. This type of birthmark is caused by enlargement (dilatation) of small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin. Most people with Sturge-Weber syndrome are born with a port-wine birthmark. These features can vary in severity and not all individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome have all three features. Sturge-Weber syndrome has three major features: a red or pink birthmark called a port-wine birthmark, a brain abnormality called a leptomeningeal angioma, and increased pressure in the eye ( glaucoma ). Sturge-Weber syndrome is a condition that affects the development of certain blood vessels, causing abnormalities in the brain, skin, and eyes from birth. ![]()
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